What is a quorum under Robert's Rules of Order
Asked November 2026 · Answered by the AI Parliamentarian
What is a quorum?
Quorum in Parliamentary Procedure
Definition
A quorum is the minimum number of members who must be present at a meeting in order for the assembly to validly conduct business. It represents the threshold below which the group cannot legally act on behalf of the organization.
(RONR 12th ed., §40)
Default Quorum Rule
Under RONR, in the absence of a specific bylaw provision, the quorum is:
- A majority of all members for a membership organization
- A majority of the board for a board of directors
However, most organizations define their quorum in their bylaws, and that definition controls.
Key Practical Points
| Situation | Rule |
|---|---|
| Quorum is present | Business may proceed normally |
| Quorum is lost during a meeting | The assembly must stop conducting business |
| No quorum at the start | The meeting may not conduct substantive business |
| Quorum is not verified | Business conducted is still valid unless a Point of Order is raised at the time |
What Can Be Done Without a Quorum?
Even without a quorum, an assembly may:
- Fix the time to which to adjourn
- Adjourn
- Recess
- Take measures to obtain a quorum (e.g., contact absent members)
Important Caveat
Your organization's bylaws may set a different quorum, which could be higher or lower than the RONR default. Always check your governing documents first.