Introduction to Robert's Rules of Order

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What Are Robert's Rules?

Robert's Rules of Order is the most widely used manual of parliamentary procedure in America. First published in 1876 by General Henry M. Robert, the rules provide a framework for running fair, orderly meetings where every member has an equal voice.

The rules are used by corporate boards, nonprofits, school boards, city councils, homeowners associations, churches, unions, student governments, and thousands of other organizations. Whether you have 5 members or 5,000, the same principles apply.

Why Use Parliamentary Procedure?

Parliamentary procedure exists to solve a fundamental problem: how does a group make decisions fairly? Without agreed-upon rules, meetings can be dominated by the loudest voices, decisions can be made without proper consideration, and members may feel their input doesn't matter.

Robert's Rules ensure that:

• The majority rules — decisions reflect the will of the group
• The minority is heard — dissenting views get a fair hearing
• One thing at a time — discussion stays focused on the current question
• Every member has equal rights — no one person controls the outcome
• Decisions are recorded — the organization maintains a clear record of what was decided

Key Concepts

Motions

A motion is a formal proposal for the group to take action or express an opinion. It's how business gets done. A member says "I move that..." and proposes something. Another member must second the motion before it can be discussed. This ensures at least two people think the topic is worth the group's time.

Debate

Once a motion is on the floor, members may speak for or against it. The chair (presiding officer) manages debate by recognizing speakers in turn. Members must address the chair and speak to the motion at hand — not to other members or off-topic issues.

Voting

After debate, the chair puts the question to a vote. Most motions require a simple majority (more than half of those voting). Some actions, like amending bylaws or limiting debate, require a two-thirds vote. The chair announces the result.

Quorum

A quorum is the minimum number of members who must be present for the group to conduct business. Without a quorum, no binding decisions can be made. Organizations set their quorum in their bylaws.

The Chair

The chair (or president) presides over the meeting. The chair's job is to be impartial — to enforce the rules fairly, recognize speakers, and keep business moving. The chair does not participate in debate unless they step down temporarily.

Getting Started

You don't need to memorize all of Robert's Rules to participate in or run a meeting. Start with the basics:

1. Read the full text of Robert's Rules (1915 edition, public domain)
2. Review the Chart of Motions for a quick reference
3. Try the Interactive Tutorial to practice
4. Ask the AI Parliamentarian any procedural question